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New Testament · Revelation

Revelation 7:9–17

The multitude from the great tribulation

DISPUTED
Disputed

A countless multitude from every nation stands before the throne and is identified with the great tribulation.

These are they which came out of great tribulation, and have washed their robes...

King James Version (public domain) unless otherwise noted

Immediate context and meaning

The vision follows sealing of the tribes and interrupts the seal sequence with a heavenly scene.

Historical setting

  • Traditions dispute whether the multitude is the whole persecuted people of God, martyrs, or a future tribulation group.

Cross-references

Original-language notes

Interpretation summaries (2)

Age-long persecution

The multitude represents the people of God through the whole age.

DISPUTED
Disputed

Future crisis

Futurist readings often identify a distinct group emerging from a final tribulation.

DISPUTED
Disputed
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Passage source coverage3 linked sources
  • Primary text1
  • Manuscript or critical text1
  • Modern scholarship1

Coverage describes source types present; it is not a truth score or certainty percentage.

Passage citation notes (3)
  1. Primary textRevelation

    Locator: Revelation 7:9–17

    Primary apocalyptic source for seals, trumpets, bowls, beasts, Armageddon, millennium, judgment, and new creation. Relevant locator for this record: Revelation 7:9–17.

  2. Manuscript or critical textNovum Testamentum Graece, 28th revised edition

    Locator: Revelation 7:9–17

    Provides a standard critical Greek text and apparatus for New Testament textual study. Relevant locator for this record: Revelation 7:9–17.

  3. Modern scholarshipA Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature

    Locator: Revelation 7:9–17

    Provides contextual senses, citations, and early Christian usage for Greek vocabulary. Relevant locator for this record: Revelation 7:9–17.

Passage sources (3)
Source coverage3 linked sources
  • Primary text1
  • Manuscript or critical text1
  • Modern scholarship1

Coverage identifies source families present; it is not a truth score or certainty percentage.

Revelation

primary text

Coverage class: Primary text

Relevant text: Revelation 1–22

What it supports: Primary apocalyptic source for seals, trumpets, bowls, beasts, Armageddon, millennium, judgment, and new creation.

Limitations: Genre, structure, chronology, dating, and symbolic referents remain disputed.

Access and reuse: Source-specific terms apply

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Novum Testamentum Graece, 28th revised edition

critical text edition

Coverage class: Manuscript or critical text

Author or issuer: Nestle-Aland / Institute for New Testament Textual Research

Relevant text: Novum Testamentum Graece, 28th revised edition: edition description and selective critical apparatus

Publication date: 28th revised edition

What it supports: Provides a standard critical Greek text and apparatus for New Testament textual study.

Limitations: The apparatus is selective, requires specialist interpretation, and does not by itself settle translation or theology.

Access and reuse: Publisher-controlled critical edition

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A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature

scholarly lexicon

Coverage class: Modern scholarship

Author or issuer: Walter Bauer; revised by Frederick W. Danker

Publication date: 3rd English edition, 2000

What it supports: Provides contextual senses, citations, and early Christian usage for Greek vocabulary.

Limitations: Lexicon entries summarize evidence and interpretation; they do not replace reading each occurrence in context.

Access and reuse: Source-specific terms apply

Consult the source or publisher before reproducing protected text, images, or apparatus content.

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Integrated report provenance (2)

0 selected · maximum 12Selections are sent only through the page URL.

TEXTINTERPRETATION

Sequence must be demonstrated, not assumed

A passage's internal order is evidence. A cross-book chronology is an interpretation that must disclose which texts are being combined, where gaps or recapitulation are proposed, and which alternatives remain viable.

Corpus provenance

Research inputs

Authentic source titles are shown for provenance. Raw report files remain private, and inclusion does not verify every claim.

  • CCX-RPT-13The Great Tribulation: Biblical Origins and Interpretations
  • CCX-RPT-14The Abomination of Desolation — Daniel, Jesus, and Historical Fulfillments
  • CCX-RPT-15Signs in the Sun, Moon, Stars, and Heavens in Biblical Prophecy
  • CCX-RPT-42Islamic Eschatology, al-Masīḥ, and the End of the Age: A Comparative and Missiological Analysis
  • CCX-RPT-43Jewish Eschatology and Exegetical Traditions: A Comprehensive Analysis of Biblical and Interpretive Frameworks
  • CCX-RPT-48Interfaith UX Principles for Neutrality in Disputed Beliefs
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