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New Testament · 1 Thessalonians

1 Thessalonians 4:13–18

Resurrection, descent, and meeting

DISPUTED
Disputed

The passage comforts mourners with resurrection, descent, trumpet, and gathering language.

The dead in Christ shall rise first: Then we which are alive and remain shall be caught up together with them...

King James Version (public domain) unless otherwise noted

Immediate context and meaning

The paragraph answers grief concerning deceased believers before the Day-of-the-Lord discussion continues in chapter 5.

Historical setting

  • Later Christian traditions build differing rapture chronologies by relating this passage to Matthew 24, 2 Thessalonians 2, and Revelation.

Cross-references

Original-language notes

Interpretation summaries (2)

Shared core

The dead are raised and the living are gathered to meet the coming Lord.

DISPUTED
Disputed

Timing dispute

The paragraph does not independently state its position relative to a seven-year tribulation.

DISPUTED
Disputed
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Passage source coverage3 linked sources
  • Primary text1
  • Manuscript or critical text1
  • Modern scholarship1

Coverage describes source types present; it is not a truth score or certainty percentage.

Passage citation notes (3)
  1. Primary textFirst Thessalonians

    Locator: 1 Thessalonians 4:13–18

    Primary text for resurrection, gathering, and Day-of-the-Lord discussions. Relevant locator for this record: 1 Thessalonians 4:13–18.

  2. Manuscript or critical textNovum Testamentum Graece, 28th revised edition

    Locator: 1 Thessalonians 4:13–18

    Provides a standard critical Greek text and apparatus for New Testament textual study. Relevant locator for this record: 1 Thessalonians 4:13–18.

  3. Modern scholarshipA Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature

    Locator: 1 Thessalonians 4:13–18

    Provides contextual senses, citations, and early Christian usage for Greek vocabulary. Relevant locator for this record: 1 Thessalonians 4:13–18.

Passage sources (3)
Source coverage3 linked sources
  • Primary text1
  • Manuscript or critical text1
  • Modern scholarship1

Coverage identifies source families present; it is not a truth score or certainty percentage.

First Thessalonians

primary text

Coverage class: Primary text

Relevant text: 1 Thessalonians 4:13–5:11

What it supports: Primary text for resurrection, gathering, and Day-of-the-Lord discussions.

Limitations: Its chronological relation to Matthew 24 and Revelation is interpretive.

Access and reuse: Source-specific terms apply

Consult the source or publisher before reproducing protected text, images, or apparatus content.

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Novum Testamentum Graece, 28th revised edition

critical text edition

Coverage class: Manuscript or critical text

Author or issuer: Nestle-Aland / Institute for New Testament Textual Research

Relevant text: Novum Testamentum Graece, 28th revised edition: edition description and selective critical apparatus

Publication date: 28th revised edition

What it supports: Provides a standard critical Greek text and apparatus for New Testament textual study.

Limitations: The apparatus is selective, requires specialist interpretation, and does not by itself settle translation or theology.

Access and reuse: Publisher-controlled critical edition

Christ.cx links to the publisher and does not reproduce the proprietary apparatus.

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A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature

scholarly lexicon

Coverage class: Modern scholarship

Author or issuer: Walter Bauer; revised by Frederick W. Danker

Publication date: 3rd English edition, 2000

What it supports: Provides contextual senses, citations, and early Christian usage for Greek vocabulary.

Limitations: Lexicon entries summarize evidence and interpretation; they do not replace reading each occurrence in context.

Access and reuse: Source-specific terms apply

Consult the source or publisher before reproducing protected text, images, or apparatus content.

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Integrated report provenance (1)

0 selected · maximum 12Selections are sent only through the page URL.

TEXTINTERPRETATION

Sequence must be demonstrated, not assumed

A passage's internal order is evidence. A cross-book chronology is an interpretation that must disclose which texts are being combined, where gaps or recapitulation are proposed, and which alternatives remain viable.

Corpus provenance

Research inputs

Authentic source titles are shown for provenance. Raw report files remain private, and inclusion does not verify every claim.

  • CCX-RPT-13The Great Tribulation: Biblical Origins and Interpretations
  • CCX-RPT-14The Abomination of Desolation — Daniel, Jesus, and Historical Fulfillments
  • CCX-RPT-15Signs in the Sun, Moon, Stars, and Heavens in Biblical Prophecy
  • CCX-RPT-42Islamic Eschatology, al-Masīḥ, and the End of the Age: A Comparative and Missiological Analysis
  • CCX-RPT-43Jewish Eschatology and Exegetical Traditions: A Comprehensive Analysis of Biblical and Interpretive Frameworks
  • CCX-RPT-48Interfaith UX Principles for Neutrality in Disputed Beliefs
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Review scope: server-rendered fallback · canonical research records · source provenance · URL state · keyboard behavior · mobile layout · print output · empty states · claim-level citation notes · source-family coverage · quotation and metadata QA

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