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Search and study eschatology passages by corpus, book, theme, language, and connected research records.

The explorer supplies concise, attributed excerpts only where licensing permits. It is a research map, not a substitute for consulting a complete critical edition or authorized translation.

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Hebrew Bible · Isaiah

Isaiah 13:10

Cosmic-darkening imagery in an oracle against Babylon

TEXT
Explicit

Sun, moon, and stars are darkened in a historically directed judgment oracle.

For the stars of heaven... shall not give their light: the sun shall be darkened... and the moon shall not cause her light to shine.

King James Version (public domain) unless otherwise noted

Immediate context and meaning

The oracle announces the day of judgment against Babylon using cosmic language.

Historical setting

  • The passage supplies an important prophetic precedent for interpreting later cosmic-sign texts.

Cross-references

Original-language notes

Interpretation summaries (1)

Prophetic-symbolic precedent

Historical judgment can be expressed with de-creation imagery, though later passages may extend beyond this precedent.

TEXT
Explicit
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Passage source coverage3 linked sources
  • Primary text1
  • Manuscript or critical text2

Coverage describes source types present; it is not a truth score or certainty percentage.

Passage citation notes (3)
  1. Primary textIsaiah

    Locator: Isaiah 13:10

    Supplies Day-of-the-Lord, cosmic-collapse, resurrection, and new-creation imagery. Relevant locator for this record: Isaiah 13:10.

  2. Manuscript or critical textBiblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia

    Locator: Isaiah 13:10

    Provides the Masoretic Hebrew and Aramaic text with a compact critical apparatus. Relevant locator for this record: Isaiah 13:10.

  3. Manuscript or critical textSeptuaginta, Rahlfs-Hanhart edition

    Locator: Isaiah 13:10

    Provides a standard critical edition for studying Greek translations of the Hebrew Scriptures and their later reuse. Relevant locator for this record: Isaiah 13:10.

Passage sources (3)
Source coverage3 linked sources
  • Primary text1
  • Manuscript or critical text2

Coverage identifies source families present; it is not a truth score or certainty percentage.

Isaiah

primary text

Coverage class: Primary text

Relevant text: Isaiah 2; 11; 13; 24–27; 65–66

What it supports: Supplies Day-of-the-Lord, cosmic-collapse, resurrection, and new-creation imagery.

Limitations: Symbolic and literal readings remain debated.

Access and reuse: Source-specific terms apply

Consult the source or publisher before reproducing protected text, images, or apparatus content.

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Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia

critical text edition

Coverage class: Manuscript or critical text

Author or issuer: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft

Relevant text: Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia: edition description and compact critical apparatus

Publication date: 1977; later printings

What it supports: Provides the Masoretic Hebrew and Aramaic text with a compact critical apparatus.

Limitations: Its apparatus and base manuscript require specialist use; later projects revise and expand portions of the edition.

Access and reuse: Publisher-controlled critical edition

Christ.cx links to the publisher and does not reproduce the proprietary apparatus.

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Septuaginta, Rahlfs-Hanhart edition

critical text edition

Coverage class: Manuscript or critical text

Author or issuer: Alfred Rahlfs; revised by Robert Hanhart

Relevant text: Rahlfs-Hanhart Septuaginta: edition description and textual scope

Publication date: revised edition 2006

What it supports: Provides a standard critical edition for studying Greek translations of the Hebrew Scriptures and their later reuse.

Limitations: The Septuagint is a collection with diverse translation histories; one edition cannot represent every textual form.

Access and reuse: Publisher-controlled critical edition

Christ.cx links to the publisher and does not reproduce the proprietary apparatus.

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Integrated report provenance (2)

Hebrew Bible · Joel

Joel 2:28–32

Spirit and cosmic signs

DISPUTED
Disputed

The passage joins an outpouring of the Spirit with portents before the great day.

I will pour out my spirit upon all flesh... The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood...

King James Version (public domain) unless otherwise noted

Immediate context and meaning

Joel moves from locust devastation and repentance to restoration, Spirit, cosmic signs, and deliverance in Zion.

Historical setting

  • Acts 2 cites the passage, while eschatological traditions debate present fulfillment and future completion.

Cross-references

Original-language notes

Interpretation summaries (2)

Inaugurated fulfillment

Acts presents the outpouring as active in the early Christian movement.

DISPUTED
Disputed

Future completion

Many interpreters retain a future horizon for the full cosmic and judgment language.

DISPUTED
Disputed
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Passage source coverage3 linked sources
  • Primary text1
  • Manuscript or critical text2

Coverage describes source types present; it is not a truth score or certainty percentage.

Passage citation notes (3)
  1. Primary textJoel

    Locator: Joel 2:28–32

    Provides cosmic signs, Spirit language, and the gathering of nations for judgment. Relevant locator for this record: Joel 2:28–32.

  2. Manuscript or critical textBiblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia

    Locator: Joel 2:28–32

    Provides the Masoretic Hebrew and Aramaic text with a compact critical apparatus. Relevant locator for this record: Joel 2:28–32.

  3. Manuscript or critical textSeptuaginta, Rahlfs-Hanhart edition

    Locator: Joel 2:28–32

    Provides a standard critical edition for studying Greek translations of the Hebrew Scriptures and their later reuse. Relevant locator for this record: Joel 2:28–32.

Passage sources (3)
Source coverage3 linked sources
  • Primary text1
  • Manuscript or critical text2

Coverage identifies source families present; it is not a truth score or certainty percentage.

Joel

primary text

Coverage class: Primary text

Relevant text: Joel 2–3

What it supports: Provides cosmic signs, Spirit language, and the gathering of nations for judgment.

Limitations: Later applications depend on literary and theological reuse.

Access and reuse: Source-specific terms apply

Consult the source or publisher before reproducing protected text, images, or apparatus content.

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Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia

critical text edition

Coverage class: Manuscript or critical text

Author or issuer: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft

Relevant text: Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia: edition description and compact critical apparatus

Publication date: 1977; later printings

What it supports: Provides the Masoretic Hebrew and Aramaic text with a compact critical apparatus.

Limitations: Its apparatus and base manuscript require specialist use; later projects revise and expand portions of the edition.

Access and reuse: Publisher-controlled critical edition

Christ.cx links to the publisher and does not reproduce the proprietary apparatus.

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Septuaginta, Rahlfs-Hanhart edition

critical text edition

Coverage class: Manuscript or critical text

Author or issuer: Alfred Rahlfs; revised by Robert Hanhart

Relevant text: Rahlfs-Hanhart Septuaginta: edition description and textual scope

Publication date: revised edition 2006

What it supports: Provides a standard critical edition for studying Greek translations of the Hebrew Scriptures and their later reuse.

Limitations: The Septuagint is a collection with diverse translation histories; one edition cannot represent every textual form.

Access and reuse: Publisher-controlled critical edition

Christ.cx links to the publisher and does not reproduce the proprietary apparatus.

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Integrated report provenance (2)

Hebrew Bible · Zechariah

Zechariah 14:1–9

Jerusalem, the Mount of Olives, and divine kingship

DISPUTED
Disputed

The chapter depicts a siege, divine intervention, transformed geography, and universal kingship.

I will gather all nations against Jerusalem to battle... And his feet shall stand in that day upon the mount of Olives...

King James Version (public domain) unless otherwise noted

Immediate context and meaning

The oracle combines catastrophic siege, escape, cosmic alteration, living waters, and divine reign.

Historical setting

  • Jewish and Christian readings differ over anthropomorphic, messianic, literal-geographic, and symbolic dimensions.

Cross-references

Original-language notes

Interpretation summaries (2)

Jewish readings

The chapter centers divine intervention for Jerusalem and the nations' recognition of the God of Israel.

DISPUTED
Disputed

Christian readings

Many traditions connect the Mount of Olives and universal reign with the return of the Christ.

DISPUTED
Disputed
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Passage source coverage3 linked sources
  • Primary text1
  • Manuscript or critical text2

Coverage describes source types present; it is not a truth score or certainty percentage.

Passage citation notes (3)
  1. Primary textZechariah

    Locator: Zechariah 14:1–9

    Provides siege, mourning, divine intervention, and transformed-landscape imagery. Relevant locator for this record: Zechariah 14:1–9.

  2. Manuscript or critical textBiblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia

    Locator: Zechariah 14:1–9

    Provides the Masoretic Hebrew and Aramaic text with a compact critical apparatus. Relevant locator for this record: Zechariah 14:1–9.

  3. Manuscript or critical textSeptuaginta, Rahlfs-Hanhart edition

    Locator: Zechariah 14:1–9

    Provides a standard critical edition for studying Greek translations of the Hebrew Scriptures and their later reuse. Relevant locator for this record: Zechariah 14:1–9.

Passage sources (3)
Source coverage3 linked sources
  • Primary text1
  • Manuscript or critical text2

Coverage identifies source families present; it is not a truth score or certainty percentage.

Zechariah

primary text

Coverage class: Primary text

Relevant text: Zechariah 12–14

What it supports: Provides siege, mourning, divine intervention, and transformed-landscape imagery.

Limitations: Jewish and Christian traditions identify the imagery differently.

Access and reuse: Source-specific terms apply

Consult the source or publisher before reproducing protected text, images, or apparatus content.

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Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia

critical text edition

Coverage class: Manuscript or critical text

Author or issuer: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft

Relevant text: Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia: edition description and compact critical apparatus

Publication date: 1977; later printings

What it supports: Provides the Masoretic Hebrew and Aramaic text with a compact critical apparatus.

Limitations: Its apparatus and base manuscript require specialist use; later projects revise and expand portions of the edition.

Access and reuse: Publisher-controlled critical edition

Christ.cx links to the publisher and does not reproduce the proprietary apparatus.

Open provider

Open complete source record

Septuaginta, Rahlfs-Hanhart edition

critical text edition

Coverage class: Manuscript or critical text

Author or issuer: Alfred Rahlfs; revised by Robert Hanhart

Relevant text: Rahlfs-Hanhart Septuaginta: edition description and textual scope

Publication date: revised edition 2006

What it supports: Provides a standard critical edition for studying Greek translations of the Hebrew Scriptures and their later reuse.

Limitations: The Septuagint is a collection with diverse translation histories; one edition cannot represent every textual form.

Access and reuse: Publisher-controlled critical edition

Christ.cx links to the publisher and does not reproduce the proprietary apparatus.

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Integrated report provenance (2)

New Testament · Matthew

Matthew 24:29–31

Cosmic signs, coming of the Son of Man, and gathering

TEXT
Explicit

Immediately after the described tribulation, the discourse presents cosmic disruption, the appearing of the Son of Man, worldwide mourning, and angelic gathering of the elect.

Immediately after the tribulation of those days shall the sun be darkened, and the moon shall not give her light … and they shall see the Son of man coming in the clouds of heaven with power and great glory. And he shall send his angels … and they shall gather together his elect.

King James Version (public domain)

Immediate context and meaning

The adverb 'immediately' makes this the clearest internal sequence in the chapter: tribulation is followed by cosmic signs, the coming, and gathering. Disagreement concerns what the imagery means, which tribulation is in view, and who the gathered elect are.

The language draws from Isaiah, Joel, Zechariah, and Daniel. In Daniel 7 the human-like figure comes with the clouds to the Ancient of Days and receives dominion. The Synoptic reuse can therefore carry enthronement and judgment associations as well as future visible-coming expectation.

Historical setting

  • Ancient prophetic texts use cosmic language for the collapse of political orders, while apocalyptic texts can also point toward transformation of creation itself.
  • Early Christian expectation strongly associated cloud-coming, trumpet, resurrection, and gathering language with the final public consummation, though historical-judgment readings also emerged.

Cross-references

Original-language notes

Interpretation summaries (4)

First-century judicial coming

Preterist readings interpret the cloud-coming through Danielic enthronement and historical judgment on Jerusalem.

INTERPRETATION
Disputed

One future visible return

Historic premillennial, post-tribulation, amillennial, and many eclectic readings understand the passage as the final public return and gathering.

INTERPRETATION
Reasonable Interpretation

Post-tribulation gathering distinct from the Church's earlier gathering

Dispensational pre-tribulation systems assign the elect here to Israel or tribulation saints, preserving an earlier Church gathering.

INTERPRETATION
Disputed

Pre-wrath transition

Pre-wrath readings place the Church's gathering here after persecution and before the later wrath sequence.

INTERPRETATION
Disputed

Explicit in the passage

  • Cosmic signs follow the tribulation described in the preceding verses.
  • The Son of Man appears with power and glory.
  • The nations mourn.
  • Angels gather the elect from the four winds.

Not explicit in the passage

  • The passage does not explicitly describe a secret coming.
  • It does not name the elect as a separate post-Church group.
  • It does not state whether the cosmic language is wholly literal, wholly symbolic, or both.
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Passage source coverage7 linked sources
  • Primary text6
  • Manuscript or critical text1

Coverage describes source types present; it is not a truth score or certainty percentage.

Passage citation notes (7)
  1. Primary textGospel according to Matthew

    Locator: Matthew 24:29–31

    Primary source for the Matthew 24 passage navigator and text-only sequence. Relevant locator for this record: Matthew 24:29–31.

  2. Manuscript or critical textKing James Version

    Locator: Matthew 24:29–31

    Supplies short attributed excerpts used in the passage tools. Relevant locator for this record: Matthew 24:29–31.

  3. Primary textIsaiah

    Locator: Matthew 24:29–31

    Supplies Day-of-the-Lord, cosmic-collapse, resurrection, and new-creation imagery. Relevant locator for this record: Matthew 24:29–31.

  4. Primary textDaniel

    Locator: Matthew 24:29–31

    Supplies kingdom, Son of Man, seventy-weeks, desecration, distress, and resurrection material. Relevant locator for this record: Matthew 24:29–31.

  5. Primary textJoel

    Locator: Matthew 24:29–31

    Provides cosmic signs, Spirit language, and the gathering of nations for judgment. Relevant locator for this record: Matthew 24:29–31.

  6. Primary textZechariah

    Locator: Matthew 24:29–31

    Provides siege, mourning, divine intervention, and transformed-landscape imagery. Relevant locator for this record: Matthew 24:29–31.

  7. Primary textRevelation

    Locator: Matthew 24:29–31

    Primary apocalyptic source for seals, trumpets, bowls, beasts, Armageddon, millennium, judgment, and new creation. Relevant locator for this record: Matthew 24:29–31.

Passage sources (7)
Source coverage7 linked sources
  • Primary text6
  • Manuscript or critical text1

Coverage identifies source families present; it is not a truth score or certainty percentage.

Gospel according to Matthew

primary text

Coverage class: Primary text

Relevant text: Matthew 24–25

What it supports: Primary source for the Matthew 24 passage navigator and text-only sequence.

Limitations: Relationship to Mark, Luke, Daniel, and Revelation requires literary analysis.

Access and reuse: Source-specific terms apply

Consult the source or publisher before reproducing protected text, images, or apparatus content.

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King James Version

public-domain translation

Coverage class: Manuscript or critical text

Author or issuer: Authorized Version

Publication date: 1611; public-domain edition

What it supports: Supplies short attributed excerpts used in the passage tools.

Limitations: Translation choices reflect early modern English and should be checked against the underlying languages.

Access and reuse: Source-specific terms apply

Consult the source or publisher before reproducing protected text, images, or apparatus content.

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Isaiah

primary text

Coverage class: Primary text

Relevant text: Isaiah 2; 11; 13; 24–27; 65–66

What it supports: Supplies Day-of-the-Lord, cosmic-collapse, resurrection, and new-creation imagery.

Limitations: Symbolic and literal readings remain debated.

Access and reuse: Source-specific terms apply

Consult the source or publisher before reproducing protected text, images, or apparatus content.

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Daniel

primary text

Coverage class: Primary text

Relevant text: Daniel 2; 7–12

What it supports: Supplies kingdom, Son of Man, seventy-weeks, desecration, distress, and resurrection material.

Limitations: Dating, historical referents, and future extensions are heavily disputed.

Access and reuse: Source-specific terms apply

Consult the source or publisher before reproducing protected text, images, or apparatus content.

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Joel

primary text

Coverage class: Primary text

Relevant text: Joel 2–3

What it supports: Provides cosmic signs, Spirit language, and the gathering of nations for judgment.

Limitations: Later applications depend on literary and theological reuse.

Access and reuse: Source-specific terms apply

Consult the source or publisher before reproducing protected text, images, or apparatus content.

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Zechariah

primary text

Coverage class: Primary text

Relevant text: Zechariah 12–14

What it supports: Provides siege, mourning, divine intervention, and transformed-landscape imagery.

Limitations: Jewish and Christian traditions identify the imagery differently.

Access and reuse: Source-specific terms apply

Consult the source or publisher before reproducing protected text, images, or apparatus content.

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Revelation

primary text

Coverage class: Primary text

Relevant text: Revelation 1–22

What it supports: Primary apocalyptic source for seals, trumpets, bowls, beasts, Armageddon, millennium, judgment, and new creation.

Limitations: Genre, structure, chronology, dating, and symbolic referents remain disputed.

Access and reuse: Source-specific terms apply

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Integrated report provenance (4)

New Testament · Revelation

Revelation 6:12–17

The sixth seal and cosmic collapse

DISPUTED
Disputed

Earthquake, darkened sun, blood-like moon, falling stars, and displaced sky accompany fear of wrath.

There was a great earthquake; and the sun became black... and the moon became as blood...

King James Version (public domain) unless otherwise noted

Immediate context and meaning

The sixth seal follows conquest, war, scarcity, death, and martyrdom and precedes the sealing vision of chapter 7.

Historical setting

  • Interpreters debate literal astronomical events, prophetic political imagery, recapitulation, and future sequence.

Cross-references

Original-language notes

Interpretation summaries (3)

Literal-future reading

The scene anticipates physical cosmic disruption in a future sequence.

DISPUTED
Disputed

Prophetic-symbolic reading

The imagery depicts regime and cosmic-order collapse using Hebrew prophetic language.

DISPUTED
Disputed

Integrative reading

The symbolism can carry theological meaning while leaving physical manifestation open.

DISPUTED
Disputed
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Passage source coverage3 linked sources
  • Primary text1
  • Manuscript or critical text1
  • Modern scholarship1

Coverage describes source types present; it is not a truth score or certainty percentage.

Passage citation notes (3)
  1. Primary textRevelation

    Locator: Revelation 6:12–17

    Primary apocalyptic source for seals, trumpets, bowls, beasts, Armageddon, millennium, judgment, and new creation. Relevant locator for this record: Revelation 6:12–17.

  2. Manuscript or critical textNovum Testamentum Graece, 28th revised edition

    Locator: Revelation 6:12–17

    Provides a standard critical Greek text and apparatus for New Testament textual study. Relevant locator for this record: Revelation 6:12–17.

  3. Modern scholarshipA Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature

    Locator: Revelation 6:12–17

    Provides contextual senses, citations, and early Christian usage for Greek vocabulary. Relevant locator for this record: Revelation 6:12–17.

Passage sources (3)
Source coverage3 linked sources
  • Primary text1
  • Manuscript or critical text1
  • Modern scholarship1

Coverage identifies source families present; it is not a truth score or certainty percentage.

Revelation

primary text

Coverage class: Primary text

Relevant text: Revelation 1–22

What it supports: Primary apocalyptic source for seals, trumpets, bowls, beasts, Armageddon, millennium, judgment, and new creation.

Limitations: Genre, structure, chronology, dating, and symbolic referents remain disputed.

Access and reuse: Source-specific terms apply

Consult the source or publisher before reproducing protected text, images, or apparatus content.

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Novum Testamentum Graece, 28th revised edition

critical text edition

Coverage class: Manuscript or critical text

Author or issuer: Nestle-Aland / Institute for New Testament Textual Research

Relevant text: Novum Testamentum Graece, 28th revised edition: edition description and selective critical apparatus

Publication date: 28th revised edition

What it supports: Provides a standard critical Greek text and apparatus for New Testament textual study.

Limitations: The apparatus is selective, requires specialist interpretation, and does not by itself settle translation or theology.

Access and reuse: Publisher-controlled critical edition

Christ.cx links to the publisher and does not reproduce the proprietary apparatus.

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A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature

scholarly lexicon

Coverage class: Modern scholarship

Author or issuer: Walter Bauer; revised by Frederick W. Danker

Publication date: 3rd English edition, 2000

What it supports: Provides contextual senses, citations, and early Christian usage for Greek vocabulary.

Limitations: Lexicon entries summarize evidence and interpretation; they do not replace reading each occurrence in context.

Access and reuse: Source-specific terms apply

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Integrated report provenance (4)

0 selected · maximum 12Selections are sent only through the page URL.

TEXTINTERPRETATION

Sequence must be demonstrated, not assumed

A passage's internal order is evidence. A cross-book chronology is an interpretation that must disclose which texts are being combined, where gaps or recapitulation are proposed, and which alternatives remain viable.

Corpus provenance

Research inputs

Authentic source titles are shown for provenance. Raw report files remain private, and inclusion does not verify every claim.

  • CCX-RPT-13The Great Tribulation: Biblical Origins and Interpretations
  • CCX-RPT-14The Abomination of Desolation — Daniel, Jesus, and Historical Fulfillments
  • CCX-RPT-15Signs in the Sun, Moon, Stars, and Heavens in Biblical Prophecy
  • CCX-RPT-42Islamic Eschatology, al-Masīḥ, and the End of the Age: A Comparative and Missiological Analysis
  • CCX-RPT-43Jewish Eschatology and Exegetical Traditions: A Comprehensive Analysis of Biblical and Interpretive Frameworks
  • CCX-RPT-48Interfaith UX Principles for Neutrality in Disputed Beliefs
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